High blood pressure has been shown to be the result of arteries sclerosis and the cause of severe heart disease.People with increased indicators are diagnosed with arterial hypertension.Due to the narrowing of elastic blood vessels, pressure increases in others.This slows blood circulation and increases the load of the heart.
The norm and pathology of blood pressure
The optimum blood pressure is the value of 120/80 mm tonometer.Rt. Art.Pressure is considered when arterial indicators are stable above people's comfortable norm.
Temporary fluctuations in blood pressure, daily differences are a common event.
| Stage of hypertension | Sistolic indicator (garden), mm.Rt. Art. | Diastolic indicator (DAD), mm.Rt. Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Optimum blood pressure | 120 | 80 |
| Norm | From 120 to 130 | From 80 to 85 |
| Prevention | From 130 to 140 | From 85 to 90 |
| GB 1 section (soft hypertension) | Until 140-160 | From 90 to 100 |
| GB 2 sections (moderate) | Until 160-180 | From 100 to 110 |
| GB 3 sections | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| Isag (isolated systolic arterial hypertension | More than 140 | Less than 90 |
Why is a person dangerous in a person?
Initial symptoms of increased pressure: weakness, mild dizziness, poor sleep, in the eyes of a person takes the symptoms of fatigue, which determines the progress of hypertension without medical attention.
If you ignore the situation, the serious consequences of high pressure cannot be avoided, one can wait:
- infarction;
- stroke;
- acute heart failure;
- pulmonary thromboembolia;
- The layering or gap of the aorta.
In the last phase of these diseases, a fatal result is possible.A particularly severe form of the disease is malignant hypertension.In one of the two hundred patients, more often, one of the men is diagnosed.The disease does not stop in any medicine, and the drugs are still exacerbated by the patient.The complications "burn" for six months for six months.
High blood pressure risk factors
High blood pressure is closely related to individual or external (acquired) risk factors.
| Individual risk factors | External provocation factors |
|---|---|
| Genetic predisposition: If both parents have hypertension, the disease develops in more than 50% of cases (the risk of hypertension in children whose parents had normal blood pressure - up to 20%) | Personal: a diet of atherogen profile with a lot of saturated fatty acids (sausages, smoked meats, cakes, chocolate, snacks), large amount |
| Age: increased pressure at 15% -50-60 years, 30% -60 to 70, 40% | Smoking has been proven that nicotine comes from blood pressure: smokers stroke and heart attack are more common than non-smokers. |
| Paul: In men, the prevalence of arterial hypertension under the age of 40 is much higher than in women, and later these differences are displaced | Excessive consumption of coffee every day is harmful to the sound of blood vessels, causing them to cramp and automatically increasing pressure |
| Obesity: An addiction between body weight and blood pressure levels is a straight line.Plus 10 kg increases the systolic indicator with 2-3 units and diastolic 1-3. In fatty people, hypertension is more often 2-6 times (78% of men and 64% of women are due to excessive body weight), weight loss leads to a reduction in pressure. |
Flexible causes of increased pressure are stress, overtime, repeated negative emotions, psycho -emotional overloads, mental overwork |
| Personal qualities: Easy excited nervous system, ambitious, suspicion, dissatisfaction is achieved, the desire for competition is the reason why too emotional people are increasing | Book Lifestyle: The risk of arterial hypertension in hypodynamic people is 25% higher than physically active or trained (physical activity increases blood pressure during labor activity and reduces during rest) |
| Species: African Americans, especially women, fall into the risk group | Alcoholism - destroys the liver, violates metabolism, negatively affects the sound of blood vessels (toxins) |
People who are prone to hypertension should remind you, from which the pressure is still increasing, this is: irregular working days, night shifts, professional damage, frequent climate change, time zones.
The main causes of increasing blood pressure
With provoking moments or high blood pressure background, high pressure causes specific causes that can be physiological or abnormal.
| Physiological | Abnormal |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy | Cloud-mad |
| Taking drugs: NSAIDs, diuretics, drugs, hormonal contraceptives | Interruption of kidneys, heart, brain, liver function |
| Hormonal background fluctuations: puberty, menopause, menstruation | Somatic diseases, focus of chronic infection |
| Anatomical characteristics of the structure of the human body | Vsd |
| Insomity of any genesis | Dyslipidemia and increases the content of uric acid levels |
| Elevator | Diabetes |
| Mete -sensitivity | Tumors |
| Migraine not treated for a long time | Thrombosis or vascular system |
| Hot sauna or bathroom | Osteochondrosis |
Symptoms and signs of arterial hypertension
In addition to increased pressure, one feels discomfort with the first signs of which:
- Headache, the feeling of squeezing the temples with a ring;
- The feeling that the head is "obsolete";
- dizziness;
- Noise in the ear, the blink of flies in the eyes;
- discomfort behind the sternum;
- weakness;
- Sleep disorders.
Initial symptoms of hypertension.A person increases the increase in blood pressure to overload and fatigue.Without treatment, the condition gradually passes into the boundary or unstable hypertension, which is characterized by pressure fluctuations, such as the pendulum.It occurs at different ages and may be:
- youth;
- neurotic;
- Age of change;
- alcohol;
- sports;
- professional.
Its main qualities are considered:
- Episodic growth of blood pressure from 140/90 to 160/95 (in the United States and in the European Union -from 130/85 to 140/90) and never exceeds these boundaries;
- Independent normalization of pressure without further intervention;
- Lack of changes in target organs: heart, kidneys, brain, bloody blood vessels;
- Reliable excluded symptomatic (secondary) hypertension.
The main cause of hypertension is the constantly high arterial pressure, which ignores it.The following symptoms are characterized by:
- violation of visual acuity;
- interruptions in the work of the heart, with acute pain behind the sternum;
- the face of the face, the feeling of heat throughout the body;
- cold limbs, partial sensitivity loss, numbness;
- Narbating;
- fatigue, indispensable nervousness;
- Tachicardia;
- pulsation in temples;
- sweating or internal conversion;
- stickiness;
- anxiety;
- feeling of total emptiness, inertia;
- Premuroks, fainting;
- muscle spasms;
- Tremors of arms and legs.
Increased pressure in pregnant women have their own special manifestations, this is:
- Sharp deterioration in the well;
- pain on the back of the head;
- veil in mind;
- noise in the ear;
- vomit;
- high temperature;
- red face;
- nose bleeding;
- Difficulty in the legs.
Any of these signs or symptoms suggests tonometry and a timely search for a doctor.
What to do if the pressure increased?
The high pressure remaining without attention can cause fatal and non-fatal complications: cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular insufficiency, chronic kidney disease.
Consider what to do at home when hell is resurrected:
- to help a person find a comfortable relaxation (preferably half, high pillows);
- ensure complete peace (no sound, no irritating light, no movement);
- Open windows - oxygen flow;
- Make a hot foot bath and lower the legs for 10 minutes when stabilizing your blood pressure, which provides blood outflow from the head and improves well -being;
- With increasing pressure, you can place the mustard on the back of the head or caviar for 5-15 minutes, and make the apple vinegar to the foot;
- Relax in a chair or in a chair, straighten your back, breathe deeply with your nose, exhale your mouth (five times);
- You can put high pressure on your back: you need to stop your breath for 2 seconds when exhaling, which normalizes the emotional background in 5 minutes, lower your blood pressure to 30 units, and watch the video below;
- Massage of the acupuncture point under the headphones or half a centimeter towards the nose, and the points between the eyebrows are possible in the nose.
Without a doctor, only hopeful for you, any drug is unacceptable.
Drugs
These are prescribed by a doctor in chronic hypertension, when pressure 160/90 or above is strictly individual, correlated with the cause of hypertension and the nature of his orbit.
| Group of drugs | The mechanism of action |
|---|---|
| Ace inhibitors | Inhibits vasoconstrictive enzymes |
| Diuretics | Excessive liquids remove the total amount of circulating blood |
| Calcium antagonists | Balancing of calcium ions that are not associated with proteins that are required for the normal functioning of myocardium |
| Beta -blockers | Reduce heart rate, blood pressure (not used for diabetes and asthma) |
| Alpha -blockers | Early reduce pressure |
| Vasodilators | Expand the ships by removing the cramp |
| Antagonists angiotensin-2 | Block the angiotensin of the kidneys by narrowing the blood vessels |
Potential complications
When the pressure increases, this causes the body's hazardous disorders:
- Arrhythmia of different generations;
- Tachicardia;
- Hypoxia, tissues and organs ischemia;
- arteries, capillaries stenosis;
- Violation of aldosterone synthesis with edema, increasing the total amount of circulating blood;
- reduction of kidney function;
- the development of atherosclerosis;
In the metabolism system, Merbs eventually leads to acute states (heart attack, stroke, acute heart failure).
Prevention
The doctor facilitates the development of a custom program of high pressure prevention, with the main events as follows:
- Weight control (each + 1 kg increases blood pressure with a few units);
- balanced diet;
- rejection of bad habits;
- physical activity;
- the correct alternation of relaxation and work;
- good sleep;
- A positive mood every day.
The elderly recommended the sanatorium refreshment.